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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr></table>
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              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr>        <td align="left">Learn vimscript the Hard Way</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/" target="_blank">https://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left">vim在线文档</td>        <td align="left"><a href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left">VIM 中文帮助</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/help.html" target="_blank">https://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/help.html  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left">vim教程</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.w3cschool.cn/vim/" target="_blank">https://www.w3cschool.cn/vim/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>      </tr></table>
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<h1 id="一、-vimscript-简介"><a href="#一、-vimscript-简介" class="headerlink" title="一、 vimscript 简介"></a><font size=3>一、 vimscript 简介</font></h1><p>什么是 vimScript 呢？我其实也不清楚，这门语言似乎我这辈子都不一定用得到，但是又为什么想要了解它呢？因为在刚开始使用 vim 的时候，总是在抱怨，(此处省略一句国粹)，怎么会有这种编辑器，太讨人厌了吧，即便到现在我也主要用其他的 IDE 来写代码，毕竟还是方便。后来在网上看到其他人的 vim 编辑器界面，还有各种神操作，我又忍不住一句国粹😂， vim 原来还能这么玩，出于好奇心，深入了解了下，于是乎就有了这篇学习笔记。</p>
<p>接下来回到正题， Shell 作为命令行工具，它会有自己的 Shell 脚本， vim 也类似， vim  的脚本语言被称为  vimscript ，是典型的<strong>动态命令式语言</strong>，提供了大多数常见的语言特性：变量、表达式、控制结构、内置函数、用户定义函数、一级字符串、高级数据结构（列表和字典）、终端和文件 I&#x2F;O、正则表达式模式匹配、异常和集成调试器。</p>
<p>其实，我们之前就已经接触过 vimscript 了，就是我们经常用到的 ~&#x2F;.vimrc 配置文件，这个文件中的内容就是 vimscript 编写的。</p>
<p>由于门编程语言似乎很少人用到，网上的教程似乎也不像 C&#x2F;C++ 、 Python 那样丰富，教程嘛，我当时看了这两本书，一本英文，是原版，一本是中文的，在一个网站看到的，自然，对于我这种英语”<strong>好的一塌糊涂</strong>“的人来说，当然是推荐看<strong>中文</strong>了😂。</p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=200>vim教程</td>
        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.w3cschool.cn/vim/" target="_blank">https://www.w3cschool.cn/vim/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>  
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=200>Learn vimscript the Hard Way</td>
        <td align="left"><a href="https://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/" target="_blank">https://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>  
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=200>vim在线文档</td>
        <td align="left"><a href="http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>  
    </tr>
</table>


<h1 id="二、-vimscript-预备知识"><a href="#二、-vimscript-预备知识" class="headerlink" title="二、 vimscript 预备知识"></a><font size=3>二、 vimscript 预备知识</font></h1><p>【说明】以下部分所有命令中，带 [ ] 的部分说明是可以省略的。</p>
<h2 id="1-vim-输出"><a href="#1-vim-输出" class="headerlink" title="1. vim 输出"></a><font size=3>1. vim 输出</font></h2><div class="tabs" id="echotabname"><ul class="nav-tabs"><li class="tab active"><a href="#echotabname-1">echo</a></li><li class="tab"><a href="#echotabname-2">echom</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div class="tab-pane active" id="echotabname-1"><ul>
<li>echo</li>
</ul>
<p>在 vim 命令模式下输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:echo &quot;Hello, world!&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>应该会在 vim 的底部看到 Hello, world! 被打印出来。</p></div><div class="tab-pane" id="echotabname-2"><ul>
<li>echom</li>
</ul>
<p>在 vim 命令模式下输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:echom &quot;Hello, world! again!&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>应该会在屏幕的底部看到 Hello, world! again! 被打印出来。</p></div></div></div>



<ul>
<li>有什么区别？</li>
</ul>
<p>在 vim 命令模式下输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:messages</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现 vim 底部只输出了 Hello, world! again!  。 :echo 命令会打印输出，但是一旦脚本运行完毕，那些输出信息就会消失。使用 :echom 打印的信息 会保存下来，可以执行 :messages 命令再次查看那些信息。</p>
<h2 id="2-vim-注释"><a href="#2-vim-注释" class="headerlink" title="2. vim 注释"></a><font size=3>2. vim 注释</font></h2><p>有时候为了看懂自己的代码，多少还是要写点注释的，不然上午写的代码，吃过饭忘记了怎么办，总不能推倒重构把😂。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&quot; 这是 vimscript 中的一个注释</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在 vimscript 中，可以通过  “  添加注释，但是要注意的是这个注释方法有时候也会给我们带来麻烦（如键盘映射）。</p>
<h2 id="3-设置选项"><a href="#3-设置选项" class="headerlink" title="3. 设置选项"></a><font size=3>3. 设置选项</font></h2><p> vim 中有两种选项可以进行设置，有些会让我们的操作更加的便捷。它主要有两种选项：<strong>布尔选项</strong>（值为 on 或 off ）和<strong>键值选项</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-布尔选项"><a href="#3-1-布尔选项" class="headerlink" title="3.1 布尔选项"></a><font size=3>3.1 布尔选项</font></h3><h4 id="3-1-1-设置布尔选项"><a href="#3-1-1-设置布尔选项" class="headerlink" title="3.1.1 设置布尔选项"></a><font size=3>3.1.1 设置布尔选项</font></h4><p>这里以行号打开或者关闭为例，行号的设置选项为 number ，在命令模式下执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set nu[mber]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个时候我们就会发现， vim 最左侧出现了黄色的行号，当然之前没有开启的话会显示，之前就有的话就什么现象也没有了。</p>
<p>那怎么关闭行号呢？在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set nonu[mber]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个时候，会发现，行号消失了。</p>
<h4 id="3-1-2-查看布尔选项"><a href="#3-1-2-查看布尔选项" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2 查看布尔选项"></a><font size=3>3.1.2 查看布尔选项</font></h4><p>上边是有现象的命令，可以轻松观察并判断出选项的值，那没有现象的命令，我怎么知道它现在的状态呢？在命令模式执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set nu[mber]?</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在命令后边加上一个 ? 就可以打印出想知道的选项的值了。</p>
<h4 id="3-1-3-切换布尔选项"><a href="#3-1-3-切换布尔选项" class="headerlink" title="3.1.3 切换布尔选项"></a><font size=3>3.1.3 切换布尔选项</font></h4><p>布尔选项只有两种状态，打开或者关闭，这就意味着，我们可以有另一种方式来切换布尔选项，在命令模式下执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">set nu[mber]!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>执行一次，有行号的，行号会消失，没有行号的，行号会出现。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-键值选项"><a href="#3-2-键值选项" class="headerlink" title="3.2 键值选项"></a><font size=3>3.2 键值选项</font></h3><h4 id="3-2-1-设置键值选项"><a href="#3-2-1-设置键值选项" class="headerlink" title="3.2.1 设置键值选项"></a><font size=3>3.2.1 设置键值选项</font></h4><p>有些选项并不只有打开或者关闭两种状态，它们需要一个值。例如行号显示的宽度等，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set nu[mber]          &quot; 打开行号显示         </span><br><span class="line">:set numberwidth=20    &quot; 设置 行号宽度为 20，注意等号前后不能有空格</span><br><span class="line">:set numberwidth=1     &quot; 设置行号宽度为 1，注意等号前后不能有空格</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现行号数字距离左侧边框距离变远了，然后执行完第三条命令又变近了。</p>
<h4 id="3-2-2-查看键值选项"><a href="#3-2-2-查看键值选项" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2 查看键值选项"></a><font size=3>3.2.2 查看键值选项</font></h4><p>那怎么查看键值选项的值呢？在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set numberwidth?</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样， vim 就会在底部输出所查看键值选项的值了。</p>
<h3 id="3-3-设置多个选项"><a href="#3-3-设置多个选项" class="headerlink" title="3.3 设置多个选项"></a><font size=3>3.3 设置多个选项</font></h3><p> vimscript 支持在一个命令中设置多个选项的值，在命令模式中执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:set number numberwidth=6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这将会打开行号显示，并将行号的宽度设置为  6 。</p>
<p>【注意】由于这个特性，这也就意味着，在命令模式下键入命令的时候如果一条命令中间有空格出现，那么皆就有可能需要用 \ 进行转义了。</p>
<h2 id="4-第一个脚本文件"><a href="#4-第一个脚本文件" class="headerlink" title="4. 第一个脚本文件"></a><font size=3>4. 第一个脚本文件</font></h2><p> vimscript 脚本文件以 .vim 作为后缀名称。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim test.vim # 在当前路径下新建一个 vimscript脚本文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在文件中输入以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo &quot;Hello, world!&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后按<kbd>:</kbd><kbd>w</kbd>，保存。</p>
<p>那么怎么执行脚本呢？我们可以直接在 vim 的命令模式中执行以下指令即可运行该脚本文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:source test.vim</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后按下 Enter 即可运行该脚本，随后我们应该会在 vim 底行中看到 Hello, world! 被输出。</p>
<p>【注意】要注意文件路径，不在当前目录时，一定要加上路径指明文件位置。另外，脚本文件中不需要像命令模式一样加上 : 。</p>
<h2 id="5-折行书写"><a href="#5-折行书写" class="headerlink" title="5. 折行书写"></a><font size=3>5. 折行书写</font></h2><p>当我们在写脚本文件的时候，如果有一写语句超级长的话，怎么办？从头写到尾嘛，那样也太难以阅读了吧，像 C语言 ， Python 啊这些，可以直接换行继续写， vimscript 可不一样，这样直接换行写可能会报错，可能会不执行，这个时候我们应该在折行的开头写上 \ 符号，这就表示这一行与上一行是同一条命令。例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let mydict1 = &#123;&#x27;a&#x27;: &#x27;one&#x27;, &#x27;b&#x27;: 2&#125;</span><br><span class="line">let mydict2 = mydict1</span><br><span class="line">let mydict2.a = 1 </span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;mydict1=&quot;mydict1</span><br><span class="line">\    &quot;\nmydict2=&quot;mydict2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个例子在输出的时候就进行了换行书写，这样也便于区分各部分功能（具体脚本内容后边自然会了解到）。</p>

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